• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Removable fastening system of two crossing formwork beams. Removable fastening system of two formwork beams, one upper beam, one lower beam, one attachment device for the upper beam with the lower beam. Said device comprises a one-piece elastic structure with two curved arms joining areas intended to press one of said beams in support areas and areas destined to be fixed to the other beam, the system having joining means joining the device to said beam in a captive manner, and arranging the sliding ability device with respect to the beam to which it is fixed and arranging the means system to increase the friction between the lower beam and the upper beam. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2660224A1
    申请号:ES201631211
    申请日:2016-09-16
    公开日:2018-03-21
    发明作者:José Luis Ubiñana Felix
    申请人:Sistemas Tecnicos de Encofrados SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Detachable fixing system of two cross-shaped beams
    The present invention patent relates to a system for detachable fixing of two cross-shaped beams, providing sensitive features of novelty and inventive activity.
    Formwork beams are usually I beams usually made of wood, metal or mixed, that is, formed by a metal part and a wood part.
    Wooden I-beams are widely used in the construction industry in
    the majority of industrially advanced countries and are destined, in particular, to formwork support, preferably roof.
    Traditionally, the beams, both in wood, metal or mixed, are installed in two
    levels, a lower level of beams directly supported by struts and a higher level of beams arranged perpendicularly to the previous ones and that rest on the first ones.
    Numerous roof formwork systems are known in the state of the art that are based on the use of a level composed of a first series of beams arranged in parallel and supported by struts, on which another level consists of a second series of beams arranged perpendicular to the first series of beams.
    Among the state-of-the-art systems, those known as the "mechano" type stand out, which are formed by a first level of metal beams with housings in their upper part on which the upper level beams fit. These systems are fast but not very flexible and are not always able to adapt to the geometry of complex works.
    On the other hand, wooden beam systems are also known that allow the nailing of the beams of one level with the beams of the other level in any position. It is a laborious system, although effective and that apart from its simplicity and adaptability has many disadvantages, such as the reduction of the life of the beams due to the wear caused by the action of the nails, the disassembly and extraction of the nails, what
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    they require abundant workmanship and the fact that the strength of the joint is hardly quantifiable, since it depends on numerous variable factors, such as nail diameter, angle and depth of nailing, state of wood, etc. Of course, this system additionally presents the problem that the material used must be wood, and not another, such as metal.
    In addition to the method of fixing wood beams by nailing, other fixing systems are also known, such as the realization of clamps of various types with the use of threaded bolts and clamping nuts, as well as wedge systems. In all these cases, a manual tightening action is necessary, which therefore has characteristics of discretion and, therefore, of variability.
    To solve the aforementioned drawbacks and achieve fixing devices for wooden, metal or mixed I beams, which have characteristics of easy applicability,
    very controllable and constant clamping pressures, little dependent on the human assembly action, there are devices that usually comprise a single piece structure of elastic material with two compression zones separated from each other, for simultaneous tightening in the support areas of the two beams to be joined, fixing one of the beams over the other and said compression zones being joined together by means of intermediate arms.
    A first problem with devices of known type is that they consist of small parts, which has several negative consequences. In the first place, it is easy for the pieces that make up the devices to be lost on site and that at the time they should be used they are not at hand, which favors the use of precarious and undesirable alternative solutions. In addition, when said known fixation devices with metal beams are used, the resulting joint is not very stable, because the friction between beams is low and any small blow can destabilize the structure by causing a relative displacement between the beams.
    To solve the aforementioned drawbacks, the present invention discloses a detachable fastening system of two cross-shaped beams, said beams forming a non-zero angle to each other and comprising said system:
    - a top beam intended to support formwork panels,
    - a lower beam on which the upper beam rests and forms an angle other than
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    zero with the upper beam and
    - a device for joining the upper beam with the lower beam,
    wherein said device comprises a single-piece elastic structure with two curved arms that join areas intended to press one of said beams into support areas and areas intended to be fixed to the other beam, providing the system of joining means between the device and the beam to which it is fixed that they attach the device to said beam in an unmissable way, thus allowing the joint handling of said beam and the device as if it were a single piece, and arranging the sliding capacity device with respect to the beam to which it is fixed and providing the system of means to increase friction between the lower beam and the upper beam.
    The system of the invention prevents the loss of the connection device between beams by means of an impermissible fixing to one of the beams. Additionally, it presents means for increasing friction between beams, preventing unwanted landslides between beams. This allows the use of metal beams or mixed metal-metal beams.
    As means for increasing friction between the beams, it can preferably be provided that said means for increasing friction comprise a relief on a contact face between said upper beam and said lower beam. Preferably, said relief is located on an upper surface of the lower beam or on a lower surface of the upper beam. More preferably, the relief is located on the lower surface of the upper beam.
    The relief, apart from increasing the friction between beams to further increase the load necessary for a landslide to occur, also limits the movement between beams in the event of a slip. In short, the result is a very stable joint between beams.
    Optionally, the relief comprises two parallel teeth lines arranged longitudinally. Also optionally, the relief protrudes externally from the surface of the beam on which it is located.
    It is also provided that said means for increasing friction comprise an elastic deformation of the device by hugging or clamping both beams and pressing them together. This means may be additional to other means such as the aforementioned relief, or substitute for these, if the elastic deformation achieved is sufficiently large. Do not
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    However, the applicant has found that its use is clearly advantageous in combination with other means such as relief.
    Preferably, said device is prestressed. The fact that the device is prestressed causes the elastic structure to have tension in a resting state. This ensures that there must be a certain force for the beams to slide relative to each other, or there is any movement between beams.
    In one embodiment of the invention the contact surface between beams and between beam and joining device are all metallic.
    In one embodiment of the invention the folded areas of the device slide along the lateral grooves of the upper beams of the junctions of two crossed beams. Optionally, the lateral grooves of the upper beam are constituted in the lower part of a mixed beam.
    Preferably, the single-piece structure of the device is composed of a rod of elastic material that has two curved arms that at their upper ends end in bent areas intended to be introduced into grooves arranged in a beam, while at the other end they extend into a crossbar intended to press support areas of the other beam to be fixed.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the curved arms together with the crossbar form a U-shaped bridge. Optionally, the two curved arms form a slight angle of divergence, opening upwards. Also, advantageously the U-bridge is flat.
    Optionally, the support areas of the beams to be joined are constituted by the wings of a beam, the support areas of the beams to be joined optionally constituted by the upper wings of a beam.
    The material of the monopieza structure of the device can be a steel, such as a steel with high elastic characteristics, a synthetic material or a composite, among others.
    It will be noted that the device object of the present invention has characteristics of high interest to the function to which it is intended in the field of construction. Indeed, such
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    As it is deduced from the previous thing, the new device allows a fast and economic manufacture, and in its coupling to a union of metallic beams, it provides a great security, since the previous tension of the device next to the grooving of the lower beam ensures a fixation stable against unexpected disturbances such as a blow. The tightening provided by the device is independent of the position and mounting force, depending only on the characteristics of the device itself. Its assembly is very simple and fast being incorporated in one of the joists of the union and circulating through the grooves or guides of the same for its fixation under the wing of the other beam that integrates the union, entering with elastic deformation and pressing a beam against the other depending on it. In addition, it allows the joining of beams with a certain angle variation with respect to perpendicularity.
    It will be understood that the construction of the device object of the invention, which has been represented according to an example in the form of a rod, could adopt different structures preserving the functional characteristics object of the invention. Thus, for example, instead of rods, tubes or a mixed set of tube and rod can be used. Similarly, mixed versions of sheet and rod, or sheet and tube, could be provided. Thus, for example, the straight upper expansions that extend from the vertical arms in the rod-based embodiment could be replaced by a flattened area made in the same straight expansion or by welding of a sheet.
    It should also be noted that while the examples have shown the fastening devices of the formwork beams sliding along an upper beam of the two that form a joint, an inverse arrangement could also be provided in which they slide along the lower beams looking at the upper beams of the union.
    It should also be noted that the device object of the invention is by its own characteristics easily recoverable and can be subsequently applied to other joints, since its characteristics do not vary practically with the use.
    The high safety features offered in the joint must also be observed, guaranteeing a firm and stable fixation of the two beams that make up the joint and avoiding the overturning of the upper beam on occasion, for example, of movement of personnel or in circumstances Similar.
    To achieve the application of the device in the union formed by two beams, taking advantage of the
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    elasticity of the material of the device, for example, rod, with elastic spring characteristics and with prestressing, the elements intended to exert pressure initially form a small angle with respect to the surfaces on which they must press. Thus, for example, the lower U-bridge forms a certain angle of convergence with respect to the upper straight expansions, so that the correct pressing of the horizontal section of the lower bridge and the upper straight expansions occurs.
    Given the characteristics of the device object of the invention, the clamping force exerted on the wings of the beams to be joined does not vary due to eventual vibrations exerted on the assembly, such as may occur in devices that involve threaded parts with nuts or similar elements. , wedge joints or other assemblies.
    While the invention has been described based on representative examples, it should be understood that these are not limiting and that the invention will be limited only by the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, it is evident that those skilled in the art after knowing the present invention by its description, claims and drawings, may introduce multiple modifications that, not departing from the spirit of the invention, will be included within the scope thereof.
    For your better understanding, some explanatory drawings of embodiments of the present invention are attached by way of example, which are simply non-limiting examples.
    Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a device according to the present invention.
    Figure 2 shows a side elevational view of the device shown in Figure 1.
    Figure 3 shows an elevation view of the device shown in Figure 1.
    Figure 4 shows a plan view of the device shown in Figure 1.
    Figure 5 shows a top plan view of two levels of formwork beams joined together by the device of Figure 1.
    Figure 6 shows a bottom plan view of the two levels of formwork beams shown in Figure 5.
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    Figure 7 shows a side elevational view of the two levels of formwork beams shown in Figure 5.
    Figure 8 shows an elevation view of two levels of formwork beams supported by struts.
    Figure 9 shows an elevation view of a formwork beam belonging to a higher level of beams.
    Figure 10 shows a bottom plan view of a joint between two formwork beams by means of the device of Figure 1.
    Figure 11 shows a top plan view of a joint between two formwork beams by means of the device of Figure 1.
    Figure 12 shows a side elevation view of a formwork beam belonging to a lower level of beams.
    Figure 13 shows a view of the detail indicated in Figure 12.
    Figure 14 shows a perspective view of a formwork beam belonging to a lower level of beams.
    Figure 15 shows a view of the detail indicated in Figure 14.
    Figure 16 shows a perspective view of two levels of formwork beams joined together by devices of Figure 1, the upper and lower beams being perpendicular.
    Figure 17 shows a top plan view of the embodiment of Figure 16.
    Figure 18 shows a bottom plan view of the embodiment of Figure 16 Figure 19 shows an elevation view of the embodiment of Figure 16.
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    As can be seen in Figures 1 to 4, the device -100- for detachable fixing of cross-shaped beams, according to the present invention, comprises two curved arms -1-, -2- which are convergent in their part superior until reaching an even more superior part in which they open, diverging, to form what is commonly called the "goose leg" and which join respective substantially horizontal sections -3- and -4-, which together with a crossbar -5- form a U-shaped bridge. Superiorly, arms -1- and -2- end up in bent areas -6- and -7- arranged in the same plane determined by crossbar -5-. The union of the different elements mentioned between them successively forming the fixing device based on an elastic steel rod, is carried out by means of multiple curved couplings, which have not been specifically numbered for clarity of the figures.
    The device object of the present invention is intended to achieve the removable connection of two cross-shaped beams, being metal beams, for example, the beams -10- located below and the beams -20- located above, represented in Figures 5 to 7, resting the beams -20- on the beams -10- and the beams -20- being intended to receive formwork boards on their upper face. The connection is made by interposition of the device -100- object of the present invention, firmly and elastically joining the upper wing -11- of the beams -10- located below. For this, the crossbar -5- is supported, exerting pressure on the lower face of the upper wing -11- of the beams -10-, while the bent areas -6- and -7- are inserted into slots -21- of the beams -20-. Figure 8 shows the beams -10- located below are supported by struts -30-.
    In figure 9, a top beam -20- is shown. On the right side of the figure, the beam -20- has a device -100- object of the invention in transport position, in which the device -100- is rotated as indicated by the arrows. On the left side a position has been represented in which another device -100- can be tilted so as not to damage the beam -20- to the ground, the device -100- being at any point of the beam.
    In figures 10 and 11, one of the characteristics of the device -100- object of the invention is shown, which allows a slight misalignment of the usual right-angle arrangement of the beams to be joined, in which situation, the structure of the device allows to continue exercising its tightening function regardless of said angle deviation. It should be noted that the possibility of joining non-perpendicular beams is a great advantage that
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    it is obtained thanks to the rotation of the devices -100- with respect to the beams -20- that carry them, so that complete insertion is achieved under the wings of the beams -10- as shown in figures 5, 6, 10 and 11. It should be noted that as long as the crossbar -5- of the device -100- remains in contact with the wing -11- of the beam -10- the compression force will not vary, which provides high safety features. It should be noted that misalignment is not due to landslides between beams once the device -100- is placed, but that misalignment takes place before the device is fixed -100- to the beams -10-, -20-.
    It should also be noted that, since the compression force exerted by the device object of the invention depends on its own structure, said force exerted will be independent of the force of introduction of the device into the assembly, for example, a greater or lesser energy in The moment of assembly. The essential characteristic for the device to fulfill its function is only that the pressure elements, that is, for example, the crossbar -5-, are located above the surface to be compressed, regardless of the greater or lesser degree of penetration on them or the angle with respect to said surfaces to be pressed, which may vary due to the misalignment of the beams to be joined or by a certain deviation of the device itself at the time of assembly.
    Figures 12 to 15 show the grooving arranged on the upper surface of the lower beams -10-. This is a groove -12- in the form of a toothed which, upon contact with the upper beam and being pressed against each other by means of the fixing device -100-, results in an increased friction between beams. In addition, the prestressing of the device -100- makes the tension exerted more effectively avoiding sliding between beams, resulting in a very stable bond between beams. The relief can be incorporated into either of the two beams, or both.
    Figures 16 to 19 show another embodiment of the device object of the present invention, with the lower beams and the upper beams in perpendicular arrangement. For reasons of clarity, the struts that would support the assembly in a manner similar to Figure 8 have not been represented.
    In figures 16 to 19, elements equal or similar to those of the previous figures have been designated with identical numerals. Therefore, they will not be explained again. It is observed that the system comprises nodes in which a lower beam and two upper beams coincide, the upper beams being adjacent to each other, and each of them being
    upper parts connected to the lower beam by a device according to the present invention, each of the devices that connect to the lower beam the respective upper beams of the knot arranged on opposite sides of the lower beam.
    5 Although the invention has been presented and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that these are not limiting of the invention, so that multiple constructive or other details could be variable that may be apparent to the technicians of the sector afterwards. of interpreting the subject matter disclosed in the present description, claims and drawings. Thus, all variants and equivalents 10 will be included within the scope of the present invention if they can be considered to be within the broadest scope of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
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    1. Detachable fastening system of two formwork beams that intersect, said beams forming a non-zero angle to each other and comprising said system:
    - a top beam intended to support formwork panels,
    - a lower beam on which the upper beam rests and which forms a non-zero angle with the upper beam and
    - a device for joining the upper beam with the lower beam,
    characterized in that said joining device comprises a single-piece elastic structure with two curved arms that join areas intended to press one of said beams into support areas and areas intended to be fixed to the other beam, the system of joining means being arranged between the device and the beam to which it is fixed that they join the joining device to said beam in an unmissable way, thus allowing the joint handling of said beam and the joining device as if it were a single piece, and arranging the sliding capacity device with respect to the beam to which it is fixed and providing the system of means to increase friction between the lower beam and the upper beam.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for increasing friction comprise a relief on a contact face between said upper beam and said lower beam.
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that said relief is located on an upper surface of the lower beam or on a lower surface of the upper beam.
    [4]
    4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that said relief is located on said upper surface of the lower beam.
    [5]
    System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said means for increasing friction comprise an elastic deformation of the device by hugging or clamping both beams and pressing them together.
    [6]
    6. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joining device is prestressed.
    [7]
    7. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
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    relief of the upper surface of the lower beam comprises two parallel teeth lines arranged longitudinally.
    [8]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief of the upper surface of the lower beam protrudes from the upper surface of said lower beam.
    [9]
    9. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact surfaces between beams and between beam and joining device are all metallic.
    [10]
    System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the folded areas of the device slide along the lateral grooves of the upper beams of the junctions of two crossed beams.
    [11]
    11. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the single-piece structure of the device is an elastic rod.
    [12]
    12. System, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the rod of elastic material has two curved arms that at their upper ends end in bent areas inserted in grooves arranged in a beam, while at the other end they are extended in a intended crossbar to press support areas of the other beam to be fixed.
    [13]
    13. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the curved arms together with the crossbar form a U-shaped bridge.
    [14]
    14. System according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the two curved arms form a slight angle of divergence, opening upwards.
    [15]
    15. System according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the U-bridge is flat.
    [16]
    16. System, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support areas of the joists to be joined are constituted by the wings of a beam.
    [17]
    17. System, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the support areas of the joists to be joined are constituted by the upper wings of a beam.
    [18]
    18. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the structure of the device is a steel.
    19. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
    Device structure material is a synthetic material, a plastic material or a composite.
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    法律状态:
    2018-10-05| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2660224 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20181005 |
    优先权:
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